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Emerging Infectious Diseases Oct 2004We report two laboratory-acquired Brucella melitensis infections that were shown to be epidemiologically related. Blood culture isolates were initially misidentified...
We report two laboratory-acquired Brucella melitensis infections that were shown to be epidemiologically related. Blood culture isolates were initially misidentified because of variable Gram stain results, which led to misdiagnoses and subsequent laboratory exposures. Notifying laboratory personnel who unknowingly processed cultures from brucellosis patients is an important preventive measure.
Topics: Aged; Antibodies, Bacterial; Brucella melitensis; Brucellosis; Female; Humans; Laboratory Infection; Middle Aged
PubMed: 15504276
DOI: 10.3201/eid1010.040076 -
Journal of Microbiology and... Apr 2020For control of brucellosis in small ruminants, attenuated Rev1 is used but it can be virulent for animals and human. Based on these aspects, it is essential to identify...
For control of brucellosis in small ruminants, attenuated Rev1 is used but it can be virulent for animals and human. Based on these aspects, it is essential to identify potential immunogens to avoid these problems in prevention of brucellosis. The majority of OMPs in the Omp25/31 family have been studied because these proteins are relevant in maintaining the integrity of the outer membrane but their implication in the virulence of the different species of this genus is not clearly described. Therefore, in this work we studied the role of Omp31 on virulence by determining the residual virulence and detecting lesions in spleen and testis of mice inoculated with the LVM31 mutant strain. In addition, we evaluated the conferred protection in mice immunized with the mutant strain against the challenge with the Bm133 virulent strain. Our results showed that the mutation of 31 caused a decrease in splenic colonization without generating apparent lesions or histopathological changes apparent in both organs in comparison with the control strains and that the mutant strain conferred similar protection as the Rev1 vaccine strain against the challenge with Bm133 virulent strain. These results allow us to conclude that Omp31 plays an important role on the virulence of in the murine model, and due to the attenuation shown by the strain, it could be considered a vaccine candidate for the prevention of goat brucellosis.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; Brucella Vaccine; Brucella melitensis; Brucellosis; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Immunization; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mutation; Spleen; Vaccines, Attenuated; Virulence
PubMed: 31986561
DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1908.08056 -
MSphere May 2020As a natural host species for , pregnant sheep offer an ideal model to evaluate vaccine candidates for safety. strain Rev. 1 has been used almost exclusively to prevent...
As a natural host species for , pregnant sheep offer an ideal model to evaluate vaccine candidates for safety. strain Rev. 1 has been used almost exclusively to prevent brucellosis in small ruminants, but it causes abortions when given to pregnant animals. To evaluate the comparative safety of the candidate 16M, pregnant sheep ( = 6) were vaccinated subcutaneously with 1 × 10 CFU/ml of 16M or 1 × 10 CFU/ml Rev. 1 at a highly susceptible stage of gestation (approximately 70 days). 16M resulted in only 1 abortion (1 of 6) compared with 4 of 6 (66.7%) abortions in the Rev. 1 cohort. The placenta was evaluated by culture to determine if vaccination resulted in colonization. As another measure of safety, effects of on the fetus/offspring (vertical transmission) was evaluated by culture and histopathology of fetal tissues to determine if vaccination prevented infection of the fetus. Vaccination with 16M resulted in less vertical transmission than Rev. 1. To determine if vaccination was efficacious and could reduce tissue colonization in sheep, the same cohort of sheep were challenged 5 weeks postpartum by conjunctival inoculation with 1 × 10 CFU/ml Protection was similar between Rev. 1 and 16M, with no statistical difference in colonization in the target organs. Overall, the 16M vaccine was considered safer than Rev. 1 based on a reduced number of abortions and limited infection in the offspring. Future experiments are needed to further refine the vaccine dose to increase the safety margin and to evaluate protection in pregnant ewes. Brucellosis is one of the most commonly reported zoonotic disease with a worldwide distribution. Of the 12 species, is considered the most virulent and causes reproductive failure (abortions/stillbirths) in small ruminants, which can spread the disease to other animals or to humans. Vaccination of small ruminants is a key measure used to protect both human and animal health. However, the commercially available live-attenuated vaccine for Rev. 1 retains virulence and can cause disease in animals and humans. In order to evaluate the safety and efficacy in sheep, we vaccinated pregnant sheep with 16M Our results indicate that 16M was safer for use during pregnancy, provided a similar level of protection as Rev. 1, and could be considered an improved candidate for future vaccine trials.
Topics: Animals; Brucella Vaccine; Brucella melitensis; Brucellosis; Conjunctiva; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Pregnancy; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Vaccination; Vaccines, Attenuated
PubMed: 32404509
DOI: 10.1128/mSphere.00120-20 -
PLoS Pathogens Jul 2023Brucellosis is a disease caused by the bacterium Brucella and typically transmitted through contact with infected ruminants. It is one of the most common chronic...
Brucellosis is a disease caused by the bacterium Brucella and typically transmitted through contact with infected ruminants. It is one of the most common chronic zoonotic diseases and of particular interest to public health agencies. Despite its well-known transmission history and characteristic symptoms, we lack a more complete understanding of the evolutionary history of its best-known species-Brucella melitensis. To address this knowledge gap we fortuitously found, sequenced and assembled a high-quality ancient B. melitensis draft genome from the kidney stone of a 14th-century Italian friar. The ancient strain contained fewer core genes than modern B. melitensis isolates, carried a complete complement of virulence genes, and did not contain any indication of significant antimicrobial resistances. The ancient B. melitensis genome fell as a basal sister lineage to a subgroup of B. melitensis strains within the Western Mediterranean phylogenetic group, with a short branch length indicative of its earlier sampling time, along with a similar gene content. By calibrating the molecular clock we suggest that the speciation event between B. melitensis and B. abortus is contemporaneous with the estimated time frame for the domestication of both sheep and goats. These results confirm the existence of the Western Mediterranean clade as a separate group in the 14th CE and suggest that its divergence was due to human and ruminant co-migration.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Sheep; Brucella melitensis; Brucella abortus; Phylogeny; Brucellosis; Zoonoses; Goats
PubMed: 37523413
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011538 -
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica Jun 2018The most recent data on the incidence of brucellosis in Southeast Europe prove the persistence of this zoonosis in the area, regardless of constant efforts at...
The most recent data on the incidence of brucellosis in Southeast Europe prove the persistence of this zoonosis in the area, regardless of constant efforts at controlling it as one of the most dangerous zoonoses. Forty-three Brucella melitensis strains were collected from cattle, sheep, goats and humans from Croatia as well as Bosnia and Herzegovina between 2009 and 2015. The strains were identified and genotyped in order to determine their epidemiological background. Standard biotyping methods and Bruce-ladder were used to identify the strains. Genotyping was done using multilocus variable number tandem repeats analysis (MLVA) on 16 and multilocus sequence typing analysis (MLST) on nine loci. Results were compared to each other and to internationally available data. Twenty- five novel genotypes and two sequence types were identified. All tested strains, apart from vaccine and reference strains, showed very close phylogenetic and geographic relationships. The genotyping results indicate the endemicity of brucellosis in this region. MLST showed no variation, confirming the stability of housekeeping genes. The results confirm already established routes of disease spread in this area, showing that a more detailed and vigorous control of this zoonosis is necessary.
Topics: Animals; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Brucella melitensis; Brucellosis; Croatia; Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Molecular Epidemiology; Ruminants
PubMed: 29958525
DOI: 10.1556/004.2018.017 -
Archives of Razi Institute Jun 2022Sequence-based Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) has been introduced as an effective and reliable method for bacterial strain typing, which could provide a reliable...
Sequence-based Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) has been introduced as an effective and reliable method for bacterial strain typing, which could provide a reliable typing approach for clinical laboratories. This study aimed to describe the reproducibility and performance of the Outer Membrane Protein 31 ()-based PCR, as a molecular genotyping tool for () typing. The 31 KD outer-membrane protein of Brucella, which encodes the gene, can be applied as an antigen to diagnose brucellosis. For this purpose, 146 samples were taken from human blood samples, bovine and camel lymph nodes, as well as sheep and goat aborted fetuses, including fetal kidney, abomasum, liver, lung, spleen, and heart for bacteriological investigation. The molecular detection of the and genes was performed using the isolated (n=14). The sequencing of the gene of in the Iranian field isolates was also performed for the whole gene sequencing. The homology of all sequences was then checked with the reported National Center for Biotechnology Information sequences using a basic local alignment search tool for the nucleotide diversity evaluation. The findings revealed that isolates were recovered from 14 examined cases and confirmed by the -based PCR with a PCR product of 731 bp. Moreover, 14 Iranian sequences clustered together as a monophyletic grouping with bootstrap support of 63, and they were closely related to the reference isolates. This -based phylogenetic placement strongly indicates the monophyletic origin of the Iranian in different animals and human hosts.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Humans; Sheep; Brucella melitensis; Phylogeny; Iran; Reproducibility of Results; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Goats
PubMed: 36618295
DOI: 10.22092/ARI.2021.355107.1664 -
Infection and Immunity Sep 2021Brucellosis is one of the most common global zoonoses and is caused by facultative intracellular bacteria of the genus Brucella. Numerous studies have found that MyD88...
Brucellosis is one of the most common global zoonoses and is caused by facultative intracellular bacteria of the genus Brucella. Numerous studies have found that MyD88 signaling contributes to protection against Brucella; however, the underlying mechanism has not been entirely defined. Here, we show that MyD88 signaling in hematopoietic cells contributes both to inflammation and to control of Brucella melitensis infection . While the protective role of MyD88 in Brucella infection has often been attributed to promotion of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production, we found that MyD88 signaling restricts host colonization by B. melitensis even in the absence of IFN-γ. , we show that MyD88 promotes macrophage glycolysis in response to B. melitensis. Interestingly, a B. melitensis mutant lacking the glucose transporter, GluP, was more highly attenuated in MyD88 than in wild-type mice, suggesting MyD88 deficiency results in an increased availability of glucose , which Brucella can exploit via GluP. Metabolite profiling of macrophages identified several metabolites regulated by MyD88 in response to B. melitensis, including itaconate. Subsequently, we found that itaconate has antibacterial effects against Brucella and also regulates the production of proinflammatory cytokines in B. melitensis-infected macrophages. Mice lacking the ability to produce itaconate were also more susceptible to B. melitensis . Collectively, our findings indicate that MyD88-dependent changes in host metabolism contribute to control of Brucella infection.
Topics: Animals; Brucella melitensis; Brucellosis; Cytokines; Glucose; Glycolysis; Interferon-gamma; Macrophages; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; Signal Transduction; Succinates
PubMed: 34125603
DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00156-21 -
Emerging Microbes & Infections Dec 2020Brucellosis caused by is considered to be one of the most important zoonotic diseases in China. In this study, Conventional bio-typing, MLVA (multiple locus...
Brucellosis caused by is considered to be one of the most important zoonotic diseases in China. In this study, Conventional bio-typing, MLVA (multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis), and WGS (whole-genome sequencing)-SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) were used to study the genetic similarity of in northern and southern China and analyze its relationship with worldwide lineages. Currently, the distribution of species/biovars of has obviously changed, and has become the dominant species in southern regions of China. Strains from the southern had a common geographic origin with strains from the northern. Many MLVA-16 events were shared in the genotypes of the southern and northern strains, suggest that genotypic movement occurred from north to south. Based on WGS-SNP analysis, strains from different provinces were closely related and may have descended from one common ancestor, suggests that the southern strains originated from northern China. These data indicate that is a latent "travel bacterium" that spread and expanded from North China to South China. Moreover, strains from China are also genetically related to strains from other Asian regions (Kazakhstan, Russia, Mongolia, and India). The movement of infected sheep and their products requires control.
Topics: Animals; Brucella melitensis; Brucellosis; China; Genome, Bacterial; Genotype; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Minisatellite Repeats; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Phylogeny; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Whole Genome Sequencing; Zoonoses
PubMed: 32594852
DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1788995 -
Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection... 2017Kazakhstan belongs to countries with a high level of brucellosis among humans and farm animals. Although antibiotic therapy is the main way to treat acute brucellosis in...
BACKGROUND
Kazakhstan belongs to countries with a high level of brucellosis among humans and farm animals. Although antibiotic therapy is the main way to treat acute brucellosis in humans there is still little information on a circulation of the antibiotic-resistant strains in the Central Eurasia. In this article we describe an occurrence of the drug resistance of isolates in Kazakhstan which is among the largest countries of the region.
METHODS
Susceptibilities to tetracyclin, gentamycin, doxycyclin, streptomycin and rifampicin were investigated in 329 clinical isolates of using E-test method.
RESULTS
All isolates were susceptible to streptomycin, tetracycline and doxycycline. 97.3% of the Brucella isolates were susceptible to gentamycin, although only 37.4% of isolates were susceptible to rifampicin. 21.9% of isolates had intermediate resistance, and 26.4% of isolates were resistant to this antibacterial drug.
CONCLUSION
Isolates of circulating in Kazakhstan are susceptible to streptomycin, doxicyclin, tetracyclin and gentamycin. At the same time the resistance to rifampicin is widespread, almost half of the isolates were rifampicin-resistant (including the intermediate resistance).
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Brucella melitensis; Brucellosis; Doxycycline; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Gentamicins; Humans; Kazakhstan; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Rifampin; Streptomycin; Tetracycline
PubMed: 29299304
DOI: 10.1186/s13756-017-0293-x -
BMC Microbiology May 2019Infection with Brucella melitensis (B. melitensis) is one of the most important causes of abortion in goats and sheep, and also causes severe systemic disease in exposed...
BACKGROUND
Infection with Brucella melitensis (B. melitensis) is one of the most important causes of abortion in goats and sheep, and also causes severe systemic disease in exposed humans. In Ethiopia, based on seroepidemiological studies, brucellosis is known to be endemic. However, there is little information on the isolation and molecular detection of Brucella species in small ruminants. Therefore, the present study was conducted in the Amibara district of Afar Region of Ethiopia to isolate and molecularly detect Brucella infection in small ruminants.
RESULTS
Out of the total 64 samples cultured, eight samples (five vaginal swabs and three milk) were positive for Brucella species based on colony morphology, growth characteristics, modified acid fast staining and biochemical tests results. Further identification using Brucella- ladder PCR method showed that four of the isolates (three from vaginal swabs and one from milk) from goats amplified fragments of 1071 bp, 794 bp, 587 bp, 450 bp and 152 bp in band size. The molecular result combined with the microbiological and biochemical characteristics of the isolates indicated that the isolates were strains of B. melitensis.
CONCLUSION
The finding of this study could suggest economic and zoonotic significance of B. melitensis and warrants for the need for control strategies in livestock and creation of awareness in the pastoral communities on the safe consumption of foods of animal origin and avoidance of physical contact with aborted materials.
Topics: Abortion, Veterinary; Animals; Brucella melitensis; Cross-Sectional Studies; DNA, Bacterial; Female; Goats; Milk; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Pregnancy; Vagina
PubMed: 31126230
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1474-y